12 de junho: trabalho infantil mostra números preocupantes no interior de São Paulo

No Dia Mundial de Combate ao Trabalho Infantil, MPT intensifica combate à prática; estatísticas mostram aumento no número de empresas investigadas

Reconhecido como o Dia Mundial de Combate ao Trabalho Infantil, o dia 12 de junho marca a luta pelos direitos das crianças e adolescentes desde 2002. Segundo dados do Censo 2010 do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), o trabalho infantil teve uma queda de 13,44% no país nos últimos dez anos. Contudo, dados do Ministério Público do Trabalho apontam para um aumento no número de empresas investigadas no interior do estado de São Paulo por contratar mão de obra infantil e adolescente.

De janeiro a junho de 2013, foram abertas 289 representações contra empregadores que utilizam irregularmente o trabalho de crianças e jovens menores de 18 anos. No mesmo período de 2012 foram 175 representações instauradas. Isso representa um acréscimo de 39% de um ano em relação ao anterior. No 1º semestre de 2011 esse número era ainda menor: cem empresas foram investigadas por trabalho infantil.

O balanço apresentado pelo MPT faz coro ao estudo do IBGE em âmbito estadual. Segundo a pesquisa, houve um crescimento no percentual de trabalho infantil, na faixa etária entre 10 e 13 anos: em São Paulo, esse aumento foi de 50%. O dado revela que o Estado Brasileiro não está cumprindo compromissos assumidos, inclusive internacionalmente, de erradicar a prática.

Para a procuradora do Trabalho e coordenadora regional da Coordinfância (Coordenadoria Nacional de Combate à Exploração do Trabalho de Crianças e Adolescentes), Regina Duarte da Silva, um fator que contribui decisivamente para este aumento, principalmente em relação aos pequenos municípios do interior paulista, é a ausência de políticas públicas voltadas à prevenção e erradicação do trabalho infantil.

“O MPT, em parceria com o Ministério do Trabalho e outras instituições, têm fiscalizado as empresas com o intuito de combater a contratação de crianças, entretanto, a contratação informal ainda apresenta números alarmantes”, evidencia Duarte.
Setores – os setores do comércio e de serviços são os que mais empregam mão de obra infantil de forma irregular, totalizando praticamente 70% dos inquéritos.
Os pequenos negócios e empresas familiares são responsáveis pela maioria dos empregos informais de pessoas menores de 18 anos. Há desde mecânicas e borracharias a supermercados e escritórios.

Os serviços de panfletagem ainda representam boa parte do trabalho de crianças e adolescentes, juntamente com atividades em lava-rápidos.
Irregularidades em relação à contratação de jovens aprendizes (contrato irregular ou trabalho informal e descumprimento de cota) também figuram no rol de inquéritos sobre a matéria.

“Uma das dificuldades encontras pelo MPT é a existência de uma cultura que, equivocadamente, valoriza o trabalho infantil, ignorando a realidade que mostra que o trabalho antes da idade mínima permitida por lei nada mais faz do que impedir que as crianças vivam em plenitude sua infância, brinquem, sonhem, impedindo, ainda, a frequência à escola, perpetuando o círculo da miséria”, finaliza Duarte.

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