A histórica desvalorização dos professores

José Geraldo de Santana Oliveira*

“Se eu não fosse imperador, desejaria ser professor. Não conheço missão maior e mais nobre que a de dirigir as inteligências jovens e preparar os homens do futuro.”

As emblemáticas palavras foram ditas por D. Pedro II, Imperador do Brasil, de 1841 a 1889, há mais de 120 anos. Porém, já naquela época, não encontraram o eco social suficiente, no quesito valorização do trabalho docente; hoje, infelizmente, no âmbito brasileiro, mostram-se  vazias e soltas ao vento, pois que, apesar de serem repetidas, rotineiramente, notadamente, pelos governantes, não são amparadas por nenhuma medida efetiva que lhes dê suporte e concretude.

Para se comprovar esta assertiva, basta que se tomem os indicadores sociais dos professores, desde o início do período imperial. Ao longo dos últimos 200 anos, a valorização docente cresceu como rabo de cavalo, metaforicamente falando.

Frise-se que este recrudescimento atinge com muito maior intensidade os professores de escolas particulares, que nem sequer gozam de estabilidade, de plano de carreira e de reserva de um terço de sua carga horária semanal para estudo, planejamento e avaliação, como manda o Art. 67, inciso V, da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB), Lei N. 9.394/96.

Em 1827, o Imperador Pedro I – pai do II  -, sancionou a Lei de 15 de outubro daquele ano, que, em sua Ementa, estabelecia: “Manda criar escolas de primeiras letras em todas as cidades, vilas e lugares mais populoso do Império”.

Tal Lei determinava, em seu Art. 3°:

“Art. 3º Os presidentes, em Conselho, taxarão interinamente os ordenados dos Professores, regulando-os de 200$000 a 500$000 anuais, com atenção às circunstâncias da população e carestia dos lugares, e o farão presente a Assembléia Geral para a aprovação”; e, no 13: “Art. 13. As Mestras vencerão os mesmos ordenados e gratificações concedidas aos Mestres”.

O economista Antônio Luiz Monteiro Coelho da Costa, especialista em cotação de moedas – atendendo solicitação, por e-mail, do Professor Vicente Martins -, fez a conversão dos réis de 1827 em reais de 2001, chegando à seguinte conclusão: 200$000 equivaliam a aproximadamente R$ 8.800 (isto é, a um salário mensal de R$ 680, considerando o 13º) e 500$000 a aproximadamente R$ 22.000 (R$ 1.700 por mês).

Atualizados pelo INPC, até 2013, de 135,45%, os realçados valores equivalem a, aproximadamente, R$ 20.719,60 e R$ 51.799,00, ou, respectivamente, R$ 1.593,82 e R$ 3.983,85, por mês, ambos considerando o 13° salário.

Frise-se que os ordenados sob destaque eram fixados pelo trabalho de um período correspondente a 20 aulas semanais.

Tomando-se o piso salarial nacional, fixado para o ano de 2014, pelo MEC, em desacordo com Lei N. 11.738/2008 – esclareça-se, exclusivamente dos professores públicos -, em R$ 1.697,37 por 40 horas semanais, é forçoso concluir que os salários atuais representam menos da metade dos que foram estabelecidos em 1827; decorrendo, daí, a pergunta: houve valorização ou desvalorização?

O Decreto-Lei N. 2.028/1940 dispunha, em seu Art. 9°:

“Art. 9º Não será permitido o funcionamento do estabelecimento particular de ensino que não remunere condignamente os seus professores, ou não lhes pague pontualmente a remuneração de cada mês.

Parágrafo único. Compete ao Ministério da Educação e Saúde fixar os critérios para a determinação da condigna remuneração devida aos professores, bem como assegurar a execução do preceito estabelecido no presente artigo”.

Este  dispositivo, com idêntica redação, foi incorporado pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), no seu Art. 323.

A Lei N. 4.024/61 – a primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) – determinava, no seu Art. 16, § 1°, que tratava do reconhecimento de estabelecimentos de ensino:

 “ Art. 16 (…)

§ 1° São condições para o reconhecimento:

(…)

d) garantia de remuneração condigna aos professores”.

Esta exigência vigorou até o dia 20 de dezembro de 1996, quando foi revogada pela Lei N. 9.394/96 – a atual LDB -, que, propositadamente, não faz qualquer alusão ao assunto.

Tamanho descalabro somente poderia resultar em caos, como se extrai de recente matéria publicada pelo jornal O Globo, edição de 5 de janeiro corrente, com base em dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílio (Pnad), do IBGE.

Os referidos dados revelam: em 2012, um professor de ensino fundamental – segunda etapa do nível básico – recebia, em média, 57% do valor pago a profissional de outras áreas, igualmente, com formação superior; chegando a 70% no ensino médio.

Isto não obstante já haver passado um quarto de século da promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil (CR), que estabelece, no Art. 206, inciso V, como princípio sobre o qual se assenta a educação, a valorização dos profissionais da educação escolar.

O novo Plano Nacional de Educação, em tramitação no Congresso Nacional desde 15 de dezembro de 2010, se e quando for aprovado, em nada contribuirá para que este quadro caótico seja alterado para melhor, como se depreende de sua Meta 17, que trata, exatamente, da valorização dos mencionados profissionais; veja-se:

“Meta 17 – Valorizar os profissionais do magistério das redes públicas de educação básica de forma a equiparar seu rendimento médio ao dos demais profissionais com escolaridade equivalente, até o final do sexto ano de vigência deste PNE”.

Com se vê, o PNE, modestamente, tem como meta fazer com que seis anos após o início de sua vigência – o que, numa perspectiva muito otimista, se dará por volta do final de 2020 -, os profissionais da educação escolar tenham a sua remuneração equiparada com a dos demais profissionais com escolaridade equivalente, como preconiza o seu texto.

É bem de ver-se que a comentada Meta dirige-se, exclusivamente, aos professores públicos, excluindo, sem razão alguma, os das escolas privadas, como se dissesse que ao Congresso pouco se dá se continuam a ser desvalorizados e desprezados. Quem afirmar que esta triste condição não é fática, fá-lo-á em total descompasso com a realidade, que desautoriza todos os mitos em sentido contrário.

Ainda é imperioso registrar que os professores de escolas particulares não sofrem apenas com a baixa remuneração, durante a sua longeva trajetória de trabalho, mas, também, e, principalmente, com a aposentadoria, por força do monstro chamado de fator previdenciário, que lhes subtrai considerável parcela do provento, chegando até a 50%, quando o fazem antes dos 60 anos, a mulher, e 65, o homem.

Somadas umas cousas e outras, parafraseando Machado de Assis – no capítulo das negativas, da obra Memórias Póstumas de Braz Cubas -, não há outra conclusão de que, até aqui, para os professores, há muito mais míngua do que sobra. Isto é, a sua desvalorização e o efetivo desprezo ao imprescindível trabalho  que ativam em prol do desenvolvimento e do progresso sociais são seculares e não se vislumbra nenhum ao menos o ponto horizonte que lhes acene com outro contexto e outras condições. Isto, claro, no que depender dos governantes.

Não é de assustar, portanto, que os professores sofram de síndrome do desencanto e que haja constante migração para outras atividades e seja pequeno o percentual dos ingressos, no ensino superior, que queiram dedicar-se ao magistério.

O que será que D. Pedro II diria, hoje, sobre a profissão de professor, que ela desejaria abraçar, se não fosse Imperador?

*José Geraldo de Santana Oliveira é professor, advogado, consultor jurídico da Contee, assessor jurídico de Sinpro Goiás, Sinpro Pernambuco, Fitrae-BC, Fitrae MTMS, do Sindittransporte e vice-presidente da CTB Goiás 

opiniao

132 comentários sobre “A histórica desvalorização dos professores

  1. You could definitely see your expertise in the work you
    write. The sector hopes for more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they
    believe. At all times follow your heart.

  2. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a
    coworker who has been doing a little research on this.
    And he actually ordered me breakfast due to the fact
    that I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword
    this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending time to discuss this issue here on your
    site.

  3. Great goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and
    you’re just extremely wonderful. I actually like what you have acquired here, really like what you are stating and the
    way in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still
    care for to keep it wise. I can’t wait to read
    much more from you. This is really a great website.

  4. I do not even understand how I finished up right here, but
    I thought this submit used to be good. I don’t realize who you
    might be however definitely you are going to a well-known blogger if you aren’t already.
    Cheers!

  5. You are so cool! I do not believe I have
    read a single thing like this before. So nice to discover somebody with original thoughts on this issue.
    Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that is needed on the internet,
    someone with a little originality!

  6. After checking out a handful of the blog articles on your website, I seriously like your technique of blogging.
    I added it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back in the near future.
    Please visit my website too and let me know your opinion.

  7. Hi there, i read your blog from time to time and i own a
    similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam comments?

    If so how do you prevent it, any plugin or anything you can recommend?
    I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any help is very much appreciated.

  8. I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here. The sketch is attractive, your authored material stylish.
    nonetheless, you command get got an nervousness over that
    you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again as
    exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this hike.

  9. Hello! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering which blog
    platform are you using for this site? I’m getting
    fed up of WordPress because I’ve had problems with hackers
    and I’m looking at options for another platform.

    I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

  10. After I initially left a comment I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are
    added- checkbox and from now on each time a comment is added I recieve
    four emails with the exact same comment. Is there a means you are able to remove me from that service?
    Cheers!

  11. Hello there! I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha
    plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours
    and I’m having difficulty finding one? Thanks a
    lot!

  12. First off I would like to say superb blog! I had a quick question that I’d like to ask if you don’t mind.
    I was curious to find out how you center yourself and clear
    your thoughts prior to writing. I’ve had difficulty
    clearing my thoughts in getting my thoughts
    out there. I do take pleasure in writing but it just seems
    like the first 10 to 15 minutes are generally wasted simply just trying to figure out how to begin. Any recommendations or hints?
    Kudos!

  13. Great post. I used to be checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed!
    Very useful information specially the remaining section :
    ) I deal with such information a lot. I used to be seeking this certain info for a very
    long time. Thanks and best of luck.

  14. Have you ever thought about writing an ebook or guest authoring on other sites?
    I have a blog centered on the same topics you discuss and would
    really like to have you share some stories/information. I
    know my subscribers would value your work. If you’re even remotely interested,
    feel free to send me an e mail.

  15. Attractive part of content. I simply stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I get actually loved account
    your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing for your
    feeds and even I achievement you get entry to consistently rapidly.

  16. I was very happy to find this site. I wanted to thank you for
    ones time for this particularly wonderful read!!
    I definitely enjoyed every part of it and i also have you
    saved to fav to see new information in your website.

  17. I simply could not go away your web site before suggesting that I really loved the
    usual information a person provide for your visitors?
    Is gonna be back regularly to inspect new posts

  18. Have you ever considered publishing an ebook or guest authoring on other websites?

    I have a blog centered on the same subjects you discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information.
    I know my readers would enjoy your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e-mail.

  19. Good day very cool site!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Wonderful ..
    I will bookmark your site and take the feeds also?
    I’m happy to find so many useful information here within the
    post, we need develop extra strategies on this
    regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

  20. I do accept as true with all of the concepts you’ve offered on your post.
    They’re really convincing and can definitely work.
    Still, the posts are very quick for novices.
    May you please prolong them a bit from next time?
    Thanks for the post.

  21. You are so cool! I don’t think I’ve truly read a single thing like that before.
    So great to discover another person with a few unique thoughts
    on this subject matter. Really.. thank you for starting this up.
    This web site is something that’s needed on the web,
    someone with a bit of originality!

  22. Hello would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re using?
    I’m planning to start my own blog in the near
    future but I’m having a tough time selecting between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
    The reason I ask is because your layout seems different
    then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique.
    P.S Sorry for getting off-topic but I had to ask!

  23. I have been browsing on-line more than three hours lately,
    yet I by no means discovered any attention-grabbing article like yours.

    It’s lovely price enough for me. Personally, if all web owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the
    net shall be much more helpful than ever before.

  24. An interesting discussion is worth comment.
    I believe that you ought to write more about this issue, it may not be a taboo subject but usually folks don’t talk about these subjects.
    To the next! Kind regards!!

  25. I am no longer certain where you are getting your info, but good topic.
    I must spend some time studying more or working out more. Thank
    you for fantastic information I was on the lookout for this info for my mission.

  26. Hi superb blog! Does running a blog such as this take a lot of work?
    I’ve absolutely no expertise in coding but I had been hoping to start my own blog in the near future.
    Anyways, should you have any ideas or techniques for new blog
    owners please share. I understand this is off subject nevertheless I just wanted to
    ask. Many thanks!

  27. Excellent post. Keep posting such kind of info on your site.
    Im really impressed by your blog.
    Hi there, You’ve done an incredible job. I will definitely digg it and in my opinion suggest to my
    friends. I’m confident they will be benefited from this web site.

  28. Greetings from Idaho! I’m bored to tears at work so I decided to check
    out your site on my iphone during lunch break. I really like the info you provide
    here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home.
    I’m amazed at how fast your blog loaded on my phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just
    3G .. Anyhow, wonderful site!

  29. I do agree with all the ideas you have introduced in your post.
    They’re really convincing and can certainly work. Nonetheless, the
    posts are too quick for beginners. Could you please lengthen them a little from next time?
    Thank you for the post.

  30. hello!,I love your writing very a lot! proportion we keep in touch more approximately your article on AOL?
    I need an expert on this house to solve my problem.
    Maybe that is you! Having a look ahead to look you.

  31. Hi! This is kind of off topic but I need some help from an established blog.
    Is it hard to set up your own blog? I’m not very techincal but I can figure things
    out pretty quick. I’m thinking about making my
    own but I’m not sure where to start. Do you have any points or suggestions?

    Thank you

  32. Having read this I believed it was rather informative.
    I appreciate you spending some time and effort
    to put this information together. I once again find myself spending way too much time both reading and commenting.
    But so what, it was still worth it!

  33. Its like you read my mind! You appear to grasp so much approximately this, like you wrote the ebook in it or something.
    I believe that you simply can do with some percent to force the message home a little
    bit, but other than that, that is wonderful blog.

    A fantastic read. I will certainly be back.

  34. Admiring the commitment you put into your site and detailed information you present.
    It’s awesome to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the
    same out of date rehashed material. Fantastic read!
    I’ve saved your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to
    my Google account.

  35. Do you mind if I quote a few of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your website?
    My blog site is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my users
    would definitely benefit from a lot of the information you provide
    here. Please let me know if this okay with you.

    Cheers!

  36. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thanks,
    However I am experiencing problems with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I
    can’t join it. Is there anybody having similar RSS issues?

    Anyone who knows the solution can you kindly respond?

    Thanx!!

  37. Hi! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask.
    Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest
    authoring a blog article or vice-versa? My blog covers a lot of the same subjects as yours and I
    believe we could greatly benefit from each other.

    If you are interested feel free to shoot me an email.
    I look forward to hearing from you! Awesome
    blog by the way!

  38. Just wish to say your article is as astounding. The clearness
    in your post is simply great and i can assume you are
    an expert on this subject. Well with your permission let me to grab your RSS feed to keep updated
    with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please carry on the enjoyable work.

  39. Hmm it appears like your website ate my first comment (it was super long) so I
    guess I’ll just sum it up what I had written and say, I’m thoroughly
    enjoying your blog. I too am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to the whole thing.
    Do you have any tips and hints for rookie blog writers?
    I’d certainly appreciate it.

  40. I was wondering if you ever considered changing the layout of your website?
    Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
    But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect
    with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or 2 images.

    Maybe you could space it out better?

  41. I do believe all of the ideas you have offered on your post.
    They’re very convincing and can definitely work. Nonetheless, the
    posts are very brief for starters. Could you please extend them a little
    from subsequent time? Thank you for the post.

  42. Thank you for any other informative blog. The place else may just I get that type of info written in such an ideal approach?
    I have a undertaking that I’m simply now working on, and I have been on the look out
    for such info.

  43. I believe everything said was actually very reasonable.
    But, consider this, suppose you added a little information? I mean, I don’t wish to
    tell you how to run your blog, however suppose you added something that grabbed
    a person’s attention? I mean A histórica desvalorização dos professores
    | RB Na Rede is a little boring. You might glance
    at Yahoo’s front page and note how they create post headlines to get viewers interested.
    You might add a related video or a picture or two to grab readers excited about what you’ve written. In my
    opinion, it would make your website a little livelier.

  44. This is very interesting, You’re an overly skilled blogger.
    I have joined your rss feed and stay up for looking for extra of your
    excellent post. Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks

  45. Generally I don’t read post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very compelled me to check out and do so!
    Your writing style has been surprised me. Thank you, very great
    article.

  46. You’re so cool! I don’t suppose I’ve read through a single thing like that before.
    So great to find somebody with original thoughts on this topic.
    Seriously.. many thanks for starting this up. This website is one thing that’s needed on the
    web, someone with a bit of originality!

  47. What i do not understood is actually how you are now
    not actually a lot more neatly-liked than you might be now.
    You’re very intelligent. You recognize thus significantly on the subject of this topic, made me individually believe it from a lot of varied angles.
    Its like men and women aren’t involved except it is one thing to do with Woman gaga!
    Your individual stuffs great. At all times take care of it up!

  48. I was wondering if you ever considered changing the page layout of your site?
    Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
    But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better.
    Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 images.
    Maybe you could space it out better?

  49. Usually I do not read article on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do it!
    Your writing style has been surprised me.

    Thank you, very great article.

  50. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your
    point. You clearly know what youre talking about, why throw away your
    intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something informative to
    read?

  51. Hi just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly.
    I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue.
    I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and
    both show the same results.

  52. It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy.
    I’ve read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you some interesting things or suggestions.

    Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article.

    I desire to read even more things about it!

  53. Hey there! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know how
    to make your site mobile friendly? My web site looks weird when browsing from
    my apple iphone. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might be able to correct this issue.
    If you have any suggestions, please share. Appreciate
    it!

  54. It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d most certainly donate to this fantastic blog!
    I guess for now i’ll settle for bookmarking and adding your RSS feed
    to my Google account. I look forward to brand new updates and will share
    this blog with my Facebook group. Talk soon!

  55. Simply want to say your article is as surprising.

    The clarity in your publish is simply excellent and that
    i can think you are a professional in this subject.

    Fine together with your permission allow me to seize your feed to
    stay up to date with drawing close post. Thank you one million and please keep up the enjoyable work.

  56. It’s a pity you don’t have a donate button! I’d without a doubt donate
    to this fantastic blog! I guess for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account.
    I look forward to brand new updates and will share this blog with my Facebook group.
    Talk soon!

  57. It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy.
    I’ve read this post and if I could I want to suggest you some interesting things or advice.
    Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article.
    I wish to read more things about it!

  58. Hey! I understand this is sort of off-topic however I needed
    to ask. Does managing a well-established blog like yours require a massive amount work?
    I’m completely new to operating a blog however I do write in my diary on a daily basis.
    I’d like to start a blog so I can share my own experience and thoughts online.

    Please let me know if you have any kind of suggestions or tips for brand new
    aspiring blog owners. Appreciate it!

  59. naturally like your web-site but you have to take
    a look at the spelling on several of your posts.

    Several of them are rife with spelling issues and I find it very troublesome to tell the reality on the other hand I’ll certainly come again again.

  60. This is very attention-grabbing, You’re an overly skilled blogger.
    I have joined your rss feed and look forward to looking for extra of your fantastic post.
    Also, I have shared your website in my social networks

  61. Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I get actually
    enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently fast.

  62. I’m amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s equally
    educative and engaging, and without a doubt,
    you’ve hit the nail on the head. The problem is something which not enough people are speaking intelligently about.
    I’m very happy I came across this during my hunt for something concerning this.

Deixe um comentário

O seu endereço de e-mail não será publicado. Campos obrigatórios são marcados com *