Coaching Comportamental

Marcela Claro*

Sem dúvida o Coaching está em alta! Não é por acaso, ele é extremamente eficaz e leva as pessoas a alcançarem resultados surpreendentes. Mas, o que é Coaching? E, em especial, o que é Coaching comportamental? Ele é um processo de aceleração de alcance de resultados onde são aplicados os princípios básicos da Ciência do Comportamento e são utilizados conhecimentos e procedimentos para promover mudanças comportamentais, obter e sistematizar informações que servirão de base para avaliar resultados.

Pode ser utilizado também como um modelo para compreender as ações humanas como fenômenos em interação entre a pessoa e seu ambiente, e também como acontecimentos que possuem funções determinadas: por que fazemos o que fazemos?

A Filosofia da Ciência do Comportamento é, principalmente, uma concepção de ser humano inserido no meio natural. É uma concepção de homem integral onde tudo é comportamento e todos, sejam eles públicos (ações observáveis) ou privados (sentimentos, pensamentos, cognições, etc), são comportamentos. Ou seja, se contrapõe à concepção dualista de homem, de ser físico e mental.

No coaching comportamental o homem é sujeito e objeto da sua existência, pois, como Skinner (1992) afirmou: “Os homens agem sobre o mundo, modificam-no e são, por sua vez, modificados pelas consequências de sua ação”.

Atualmente, empresas e organizações estão mais preocupadas em desenvolver nas suas equipes comportamentos diferenciados e eficazes, atitudes que agreguem valor ao que é produzido e sobretudo, que dê um sentido maior para os objetivos definidos.

É bom saber que comportamento é muito mais do que a ação que se observa de uma pessoa. Comportamento humano é um conjunto de relações entre o que aconteceu antes da ação da pessoa, a ação propriamente dita e a consequência que se obtêm dela. É comum ouvir a afirmação de que para mudar um comportamento a pessoa precisa apenas mudar a sua ação. Esse é um equívoco, já que mudar de comportamento implica, principalmente, em ser capaz de alterar ou produzir novas formas de se relacionar com o ambiente, de agir com eficácia e de produzir consequências mais positivas para si e para os outros.  Ou seja, produzir ambientes agradáveis e confortáveis, ações positivas com base em valores humanos compartilhados e resultados extraordinários para todos que integram uma determinada comunidade.

O Coaching pode ser uma excelente oportunidade para aplicar o conhecimento produzido pela Psicologia Comportamental e obter resultados ainda mais surpreendentes. Para isso, será necessário que os coaches estudem e desenvolvam competências sobre os princípios que regem o comportamento humano.

O Coaching é, em si mesmo, um fenômeno comportamental onde coach e coachee interagem criando um ambiente seguro para ambos, uma comunicação poderosa, compartilhando códigos de honra e agindo com determinação foco e energia para produzir resultados muito mais que desejados. Entretanto, durante o processo de Coaching o coachdeve estar sempre um passo à frente do seu coachee, respeitando o ritmo dele, levando-o a criar possibilidades diferentes daquelas a que está habituado a fazer e passar a se comportar de outra forma, sentindo-se confortável no seu contexto natural.

O coach precisa estar ciente de que seu comportamento, sobretudo, seu comportamento verbal é um estímulo que modifica o comportamento do coachee. Nesse sentido, a ação do coach deve estar circunscrita a influenciar o ambiente, as ações e as consequências que estão em ação no momento presente, já que essas são as únicas e principais fontes de controle que podem ser modificadas ou transformadas.

Quando se fala de controle do comportamento surgem críticas e advertências sobre a possibilidade de que alguém que possui conhecimento sobre as leis que regem o comportamento manipule as pessoas. Essas críticas e advertências são desnecessárias porque todo ser humano ou organismo vivo é controlado o tempo todo pelas circunstâncias a que está exposto. Para um analista do comportamento ou para um coach comportamental “controle do comportamento” significa identificar as variáveis e as condições que afetam o comportamento.

Nesse sentido, ajudar a pessoa a se tornar mais consciente de quais estímulos regulam seu comportamento e facilitar a exposição a novas formas mais positivas de relacionamento, ações, atitudes e resultados é oferecer a possibilidade de exercer maior autocontrole e a oportunidade maravilhosa de mudar a sua história. Sendo assim, o Coaching Comportamental é uma extraordinária ferramenta, um conhecimento e uma tecnologia de desenvolvimento humano, alcance de objetivos e evolução em todos os sentidos para obter uma vida mais justa, mais eficaz e muito mais feliz.

*Marcela Claro é autora do livro “Os segredos do Líder Coach – Quatro chaves para liderar pessoas e obter resultados extraordinários”, da Trevisan Editora

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